58 of homosexuals have intestinal worms
Sexual transmission of intestinal parasites in men who have sex with men
A Department of Clinical Microbiology, Pathology Centre, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Confide in, London W12 0HS, UK.
B Formerly, Department of Genitourinary Medicine, Edinburgh Royal Infirmary, NHS Lothian, University Hospitals Division, Edinburgh EH3 9HA, UK.
C Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK.
D Corresponding author. Email: asouli@
Sexual Health 6(3)
Submitted: 20 November Accepted: 24 April Published: 3 August
Abstract
Direct oral-anal sexual contact is a common practice among men who have sex with men (MSM) and is implicated in the transmission of various enteric pathogens including intestinal parasites. The present study reviewed data on the sexual transmission of intestinal parasites among MSM, and highlighted advances in the diagnosis
Gastrointestinal Parasites and the Neural Governance of Gut Functions
Introduction
The gastrointestinal tract (GI) serves three major functions, the digestion and absorption of the nutrients the body requires, a barrier excluding potentially harmful agents from the internal environment, and an immuno-hormonal organ to sample and manage external stimuli appropriately. Functional aspects including peristalsis, electrolyte and nutrient transport, and local blood flow are regulated by the intrinsic network of GI ganglia, the enteric nervous system (ENS; Furness et al., ). Motor neurons innervate the effectors systems of the gut including musculature, secretory glands and blood-lymphatic vasculature. Innervation of the muscle layer is organized into two ganglionated plexuses constituted by neurons and enteroglial cells: the myenteric plexus (Auberbach&#x;s plexus), and the submucosal plexus (Meissner&#x;s plexus; Furness, ; Furness et al., ). Both plexuses are embedded in the wall of the digestive tract, and consist of about 20 distinct subtypes of neurons. Those neurons can be classifi
&#;&#;44 Parasitic infections
Ingrid Reiter-Owona
Introduction
Parasites, unlike bacteria, have a complex life cycle. They can use the human body either as a definitive or intermediate host. The definitive host is where sexual reproduction of the parasite occurs. The final products of reproduction are passed to the outside world or to a vector. The intermediate host parasites stay after replication in a dormant developmental stage and can damage the intermediate host during their replication phase or due to the immune response they induce in their host. The period between infection and manifestation of parasite stages detectable with laboratory methods can vary between days to months (pre patency).
Parasitic infections are rather rare in central and northern Europe. The diagnosis of parasitic infection, especially involving the intestinal tract or the skin, may, at the extreme, create panic in the affected person and is associated with lack of hygiene and adj social status. Although parasites undertake not know social or geographical boundaries, their propagation is promoted by inad
Intestinal Parasitic Infections in
Monjur Ahmed&#x;
Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA , USA
Manuscript submitted March 29, , accepted May 2, , published online June 11,
Short title: IPIs in
doi:
Intestinal parasites include intestinal protozoa and intestinal helminths. Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) pose a global health problem affecting over one billion people worldwide. Although these infections are predominantly seen in the developing world, they are frequently seen in the developed countries, particularly in immunocompromised patients. Patients&#x; clinical presentations generally include diarrhea, dysentery, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, nutritional deficiency, iron deficiency anemia, anal and perianal itching, and rarely intestinal obstruction. The intestinal parasites have similarities in their mode of transmission and life cycle. The stool test is the primary way of diagnosing IPIs. Treatment is given with various anti-parasitic agents. However, appropriate preventive measures ar